The phenomenon of radicalization among adherents of traditional Islam in the 20th and 21st centuries has multiple causes and models, depending on the geographical area and the time of occurrence. This short overview aims to explain how this radicalization was introduced to the territory of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, and also touches upon some of the recent consequences it has led to. This brief summary of the phenomenon, development, and actions of the “Muslim Brotherhood” structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina should, at least to some extent, help in understanding why these structures do not allow the establishment of stability and the strengthening of democratic institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.